Published Turtle Species: Facts & Conservation Status
Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas), TT-01: First Light
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Endangered. Habitat: Tropical & subtropical coastal waters worldwide. The ultimate zen vegan. Named for the color of their fat, not their shell. They can hold their breath for five hours by slowing their heart rate to one beat every nine minutes.
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Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), TT-02: Slow & Steady
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Critically Endangered. Habitat: Coral reefs & tropical coastlines. The reef's quiet bodyguard. Recently discovered to be the first known biofluorescent reptile: they glow neon green and red under UV light.
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Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina), TT-03: Shell Study
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Vulnerable. Habitat: Eastern United States forests & meadows. Lives a century and builds a mental map of every log and stream in its territory. If relocated, it will try to walk home until it dies.
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Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans), TT-04: Sun Lounger
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Least Concern. Habitat: Ponds, lakes & slow rivers across the Americas. The most popular pet turtle and one of the world's 100 worst invasive species. Adapts to basically any freshwater habitat on the planet.
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Mary River Turtle (Elusor macrurus), TT-05: Punk Rocker
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Endangered. Habitat: Mary River, Queensland, Australia. Grows a green algae mohawk and breathes through specialized glands in its cloaca (butt), allowing it to stay submerged for 72 hours.
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Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), TT-06: Night Drifter
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Vulnerable. Habitat: Open ocean, all tropical & temperate seas. The largest turtle on Earth: 750 to 840 pounds on a typical nesting beach, one on record reported past 2,000. Dives deeper than the Empire State Building is tall on a single breath.
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Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta), TT-07: Reef Walker
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Vulnerable. Habitat: Atlantic, Pacific & Indian Ocean coastlines. Named for its massive head and jaw muscles that crush conchs like party favors. Uses Earth's magnetic field to navigate back to its home beach.
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Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys kempii), TT-08: Sand Dollar
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Critically Endangered. Habitat: Gulf of Mexico & Atlantic coast. The smallest and rarest sea turtle. Known for the 'arribada' where thousands of females storm the same beach on the same day to nest.
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Russian Tortoise (Agrionemys (Testudo) horsfieldii), TT-09: Moon Loop
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Vulnerable. Habitat: Central Asian steppes & deserts. The first Earth creatures to travel around the Moon and return home alive in 1968, months before Apollo 8.
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Flatback Sea Turtle (Natator depressus), TT-10: Coastal Zen
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Data Deficient. Habitat: Northern Australian coastal waters. The homebody of sea turtles. Stays exclusively in Australian waters and doesn't leave the continental shelf.
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Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta), TT-11: Main Character
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Least Concern. Habitat: Ponds, marshes & streams across North America. Vivid red and yellow streaks on dark skin. Their hatchlings can survive being frozen solid through winter, thawing out in spring unharmed.
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Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), TT-12: Flash Mob
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Vulnerable. Habitat: Tropical regions worldwide. Participates in the arribada: synchronized mass nesting events of up to 500,000 individuals over a few days.
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Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina), TT-13: No Nonsense
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Least Concern. Habitat: Lakes, rivers & swamps, eastern North America. Virtually unchanged for 40 million years. Can't retract into its shell, so it evolved a legendary bite force instead.
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Galápagos Giant Tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra complex), TT-14: Ancient Giant
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Vulnerable. Habitat: Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Can live past 175 years. Their shell shapes helped Charles Darwin form the foundation of the theory of evolution.
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Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii), TT-15: River Monster
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Endangered. Habitat: Southeastern United States rivers. The largest freshwater turtle in North America. Features a bright pink, worm-shaped lure on its tongue to attract prey.
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Spiny Softshell Turtle (Apalone spinifera), TT-16: River Pancake
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Least Concern. Habitat: Rivers, lakes & streams across North America. Flat, leathery, pancake-shaped disc with a snorkel nose. Can absorb oxygen through its skin underwater.
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Speckled Cape Tortoise (Chersobius signatus), TT-17: Pocket Tank
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Endangered. Habitat: Namaqualand, Northern Cape, South Africa. The world's smallest tortoise: a thumb-sized, black-speckled dweller of South Africa's Namaqualand that hides from predators and heat inside narrow rock cracks.
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Radiated Tortoise (Astrochelys radiata), TT-18: Living Starburst
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Critically Endangered. Habitat: Southern & southwestern Madagascar. One of the most beautiful tortoises on Earth, a Madagascar endemic with brilliant yellow starbursts radiating from each scute.
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Ploughshare Tortoise (Angonoka) (Astrochelys yniphora), TT-19: The Battering Ram
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Critically Endangered. Habitat: Baly Bay region, northwestern Madagascar. One of the rarest tortoises on Earth, a Madagascar endemic whose males wield a plough-like shell spur to flip rivals in breeding-season duels.
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Aldabra Giant Tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea), TT-20: Island Engineer
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Vulnerable. Habitat: Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles. The second-largest tortoise on Earth. They reshape their island home by grazing, creating specialized 'tortoise turf'.
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Burmese Star Tortoise (Geochelone platynota), TT-21: The Comeback Kid
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Critically Endangered. Habitat: Dry forests of central Myanmar. A conservation success story, brought back from near extinction through intensive captive breeding programs.
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Indian Star Tortoise (Geochelone elegans), TT-22: Right Side Up
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Vulnerable. Habitat: Dry scrub of India, Pakistan & Sri Lanka. Its tall, steeply domed shell is a near-perfect self-righting shape: flip it over and geometry rolls it back onto its feet.
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Leopard Tortoise (Stigmochelys pardalis), TT-23: The Sun Grazer
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Least Concern. Habitat: Savannas of eastern & southern Africa. The fourth-largest tortoise on Earth: a gentle savanna grazer in a leopard's coat, built for African heat and drought.
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Egyptian Tortoise (Testudo kleinmanni), TT-24: Pocket Giant
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Critically Endangered. Habitat: Deserts of Egypt & Libya. The smallest tortoise in the Northern Hemisphere: a palm-sized desert survivor, Critically Endangered and all but gone from Egypt.
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African Pancake Tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri), TT-25: The Crack Escape
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Critically Endangered. Habitat: Rocky kopjes of Kenya & Tanzania. A flat, flexible tortoise that traded armor for speed: it runs into rock cracks and wedges itself tight instead of hiding in its shell. Critically Endangered.
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African Spurred Tortoise (Centrochelys sulcata), TT-26: Worth the Wait
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Endangered. Habitat: Sahel & southern edge of the Sahara, northern Africa. The largest tortoise on any mainland and the third largest on Earth: an unhurried Sahel giant that digs burrows up to 15 meters deep. Endangered.
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Eastern Long-necked Turtle (Chelodina longicollis), TT-27: Neck Out
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Least Concern. Habitat: Slow rivers & swamps of eastern Australia. A neck about 60% the length of its shell that folds sideways under the rim, and a musk it releases when alarmed.
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Northern Spider Tortoise (Pyxis arachnoides brygooi), TT-28: The Web Weaver
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Critically Endangered. Habitat: Coastal southwestern Madagascar. The smallest spider tortoise, and the only one with no hinge in its belly shell. Critically Endangered in southwestern Madagascar.
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Red-footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius), TT-29: Learns by Watching
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Endangered. Habitat: Forest edges, clearings & savannas of northern South America. Named for the red scales on its dark legs, and famous in science for one experiment: tortoises that watched another walk around a fence to reach food learned to do it too. The ones that never watched never solved it. It eats fallen fruit, and the seeds come out the other end ready to grow.
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Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii), TT-30: Desert Architect
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Critically Endangered. Habitat: Mojave Desert: California, Nevada, Utah & Arizona. Spends at least 95% of its life underground in burrows it digs itself, and its bladder can hold over 40% of its body weight in water. Pick one up and it may empty that store to get away from you. So please don't.
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Matamata (Chelus fimbriata), TT-31: The Bark Mimic
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Least Concern. Habitat: Slow rivers & swamps of the Amazon Basin & eastern Guianas. Looks like a piece of bark with leaves stuck to it, and breathes through its snorkel snout. When a fish comes close, it opens its mouth and expands its throat so fast the fish is pulled in and swallowed whole.
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Big-headed Turtle (Platysternon megacephalum), TT-32: The Cliff Climber
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Critically Endangered. Habitat: Rocky mountain streams of southern China & Southeast Asia. Its head is too big to pull into its shell, so it comes armored, with a hooked beak. It climbs steep rock in cool mountain streams on long claws and a tail strong enough to hold its whole weight.
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Pascagoula Map Turtle (Graptemys gibbonsi), TT-33: The Map Maker
Conservation status (IUCN Red List): Endangered. Habitat: Clear, sandy rivers of the Pascagoula system, Mississippi. Fine, swirling lines on its shell look like the contours on a map. Females grow far bigger than males, with broad jaws for clams, in one river system in Mississippi.
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